HIV-2 Depletes CD4 T Cells through Pyroptosis despite Vpx-Dependent Degradation of SAMHD1
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Immune Activation Influences SAMHD1 Expression and Vpx-mediated SAMHD1 Degradation during Chronic HIV-1 Infection
SAMHD1 restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in myeloid cells and CD4+ T cells, while Vpx can mediate SAMHD1 degradation to promote HIV-1 replication. Although the restriction mechanisms of SAMHD1 have been well-described, SAMHD1 expression and Vpx-mediated SAMHD1 degradation during chronic HIV-1 infection were poorly understood. Flow cytometric analysis was used to ...
متن کاملVpx overcomes a SAMHD1-independent block to HIV reverse transcription that is specific to resting CD4 T cells.
Early after entry into monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and resting CD4 T cells, HIV encounters a block, limiting reverse transcription (RT) of the incoming viral RNA genome. In this context, dNTP triphosphohydrolase SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) has been identified as a restriction factor, lowering the concentration of dNTP substrates to limit RT. The accessory...
متن کاملHIV-2 and SIVmac accessory virulence factor Vpx down-regulates SAMHD1 enzyme catalysis prior to proteasome-dependent degradation.
SAMHD1, a dGTP-regulated deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) triphosphohydrolase, down-regulates dNTP pools in terminally differentiated and quiescent cells, thereby inhibiting HIV-1 infection at the reverse transcription step. HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) counteract this restriction via a virion-associated virulence accessory factor, Vpx (Vpr in some SIVs), which loads SAM...
متن کاملSAMHD1-Dependent and -Independent Functions of HIV-2/SIV Vpx Protein
Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) encode a unique set of accessory proteins that enhance viral replication in the host. Two similar accessory proteins, Vpx and Vpr, are encoded by HIV-2. In contrast, HIV-1 encodes Vpr but not Vpx. Recent studies have indicated that Vpx counteracts a particular host restriction factor, thereby facilitating reverse tr...
متن کاملDegradation of SAMHD1 by Vpx Is Independent of Uncoating.
UNLABELLED Sterile alpha motif domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in myeloid and resting T cells. Lentiviruses such as HIV-2 and some simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) counteract the restriction by encoding Vpx or Vpr, accessory proteins that are packaged in virions and which, upon entry of the virus into the...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Virology
سال: 2019
ISSN: 0022-538X,1098-5514
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00666-19